Summary:
Features include a cinnamon to ochraceous sappy fruitbody with a violet reaction to KOH, growing shelf-like or bent outward from a flat pore surface on wood. The description is derived from Gilbertson(1) except where noted. It is common in the eastern United States and in the southwest, but rare elsewhere in western North America (Gilbertson).
Hapalopilus nidulans has been found in BC, WA, ID, MB, NWT, NB, NS, ON, PQ, AZ, CT, DE, IA, IL, IN, KS, LA, MA, MD, MI, MN, MO, NC, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, PA, TN, VA, VT, WI, and WV, and it occurs circumglobally in the temperate zone, (Gilbertson(1)).
Cap:
up to 10cm wide and long, but usually smaller, up to 4cm thick at base, broadly bracket-shaped to effused-reflexed [bent outward from flat growth on wood with pore surface exposed to form shelf-like cap], mostly convex, often almost triangular in cross-section, "soft and watery when fresh, light and somewhat brittle when dry", margin acute (sharp) and entire, annual; upper surface cinnamon to ochraceous; at first finely tomentose (wooly) to scrupose (rough) with small adpressed tufts of hyphae, soon completely smooth, not zoned or with a few broad, weakly grooved zones, the inner ones usually smoother than the outer ones, (Gilbertson), consistency corky soft when fresh (Breitenbach)
Flesh:
up to 4cm thick at base, soft and fibrous and quite brittle; light cinnamon, mostly lighter in color toward the cap, (Gilbertson), fibrous, tough; cinnamon brown, lighter toward cap surface, (Breitenbach)
Pores:
2-4 per mm, angular, thin-walled, usually with a distinct sterile edge toward substrate and margin; ochraceous to cinnamon brown; often with a few larger cracks in larger fruitbodies; tube layer up to 1cm thick, ochraceous or white due to cottony sterile hyphae, (Gilbertson), 2-4 per mm, angular or sinuous; yellowish to cinnamon-brown; tube layer 0.2-1cm thick, (Lincoff), 2-4 per mm, angled-rounded to oblong; gray-brown to cinnamon, (Breitenbach)
Chemical Reactions:
all parts of fruitbody with light violet to purplish reaction to KOH
Taste:
mild (Breitenbach)
Microscopic:
spores 3.5-5 x 2-2.5(3) microns, elliptic to cylindric, smooth, inamyloid, colorless, thin-walled; basidia 4-spored, 18-22 x 5-6.5 microns, clavate, with basal clamp; cystidia none but cystidioles present, 18-22 x 4-5 microns, fusoid, with basal clamp; hyphal system monomitic: context generative hyphae up to 10 microns wide, "distinctly thick walled and richly branched, mostly smooth, but also covered partly with amorphus [sic] substances mixed with polygonal, light pinkish to brownish crystals", with conspicuous clamp connections, in trama and hymenium up to 6 microns wide, more straight and narrow
Spore Deposit:
white (Lincoff, Phillips)
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